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\uf9c4\u85cf 1996\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c1912\u5e74\u68ee\u4e11\u4e4b\u52a9\u8a8d\u70baTsalisen\u662f\u6307\u6392\u7063\u65cf\u4e2d\u7684\uf925\u74e6\u723e\u53ca\u5df4\u6b66\u99ac\uf978\u7fa4\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u6240\u8b02Puyuma\u65cf\u662f\u6307\u5351\u5357\u7fa4\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u904e\u53bb\u6f22\u4eba\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u5080\u5121\u8543\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e0a\u5c6c\u65bc\u6392\u7063\u65cf\uff0c\u6545\u53c8\u5c07\u9b6f\u51f1\u3001\u6392\u7063\u3001\u5351\u5357\u4e09\u65cf\u5408\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u6392\u7063\u65cf\u300d\uff08\u68ee\u4e11\u4e4b\u52a9 2000\uff09\u3002\u76f4\u52301935\u5e74\u79fb\u5ddd\u5b50\u4e4b\u85cf\u7b49\u5728\u300c\u81fa\u7063\u9ad8\u7802\u65cf\u7cfb\u7d71\u6240\u5c6c\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\u300d\u4e2d\u5c07\u9b6f\u51f1\u65cf\u5f9e\u6392\u7063\u65cf\u4e2d\u7368\u7acb\u51fa\u4f86\u6210\u70ba\u65b0\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u5f8c\uff0c\u9b6f\u51f1\u65cf\u624d\u6b63\u5f0f\u6210\u70ba\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u652f\uff08\u79fb\u5ddd\u5b50\u4e4b\u85cf 1935\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u64da\u300a\u81fa\u7063\u9ad8\u7802\u65cf\u7cfb\u7d71\u6240\u5c6c\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u3001\u300a\u756a\u65cf\u6163\u7fd2\u8abf\u67e5\u5831\u544a\u66f8\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u90e8\u843d\u8006\u8001\u7684\u53e3\u8ff0\uff0cKucapungane\u65cf\u4eba\u539f\u5148\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u6d77\u62d4\u7d041500\u516c\u5c3a\u7684Rumingane\uff08\u53e4\u597d\u8336\uff09\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u624d\u9077\u5230\u73fe\u5728\u7684Kucapungane\uff08\u820a\u597d\u8336\uff09\u3002\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4eba\u53e3\u4e0d\u65b7\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8179\u5730\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u6578\u767e\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u65cf\u4eba\u958b\u59cb\u5f80\u5916\u62d3\u5c55\uff0c\u9678\u7e8c\u958b\u5275\u51fa\u963f\u79ae\u3001\u9727\u53f0\u3001\u795e\u5c71\u3001\u4f73\u66ae\u7b49\u90e8\u843d\u3002\u65e5\u6cbb\u6642\u671f\u5927\u6b63\u4e09\u5e74\uff081914\uff09\u65e5\u4eba\u5728\u99ac\u5152\u8a2d\u7acb\u99d0\u5728\u6240\u5f8c\u958b\u59cb\u6574\u4fee\u4e86\u99ac\u5152\u81f3\u597d\u8336\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5728\u597d\u8336\u8208\u5efa\u81e8\u6642\u99d0\u5728\u6240\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u662d\u548c\u4e09\u5e74\uff081928\uff09\u8a2d\u7f6e\u300c\u8543\u7ae5\u6559\u80b2\u6240\u300d\u5f8c\u958b\u59cb\u57f7\u884c\u300c\u540c\u5316\u300d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5be6\u65bd\u7687\u540d\u5316\u53ca\u601d\u60f3\u6539\u9020\u3002\u662d\u548c\u516d\u5e74\uff081931\uff09\u65e5\u4eba\u64ec\u5b9a\u300c\u7406\u756a\u653f\u7b56\u5927\u7db1\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u64ab\u80b2\u6559\u5316\u300d\u6210\u9996\u8981\u4e4b\u52d9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6539\u5584\u91ab\u7642\u885b\u751f\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u53ca\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u7b49\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53c8\u4ee5\u300c\u7d93\u6fdf\u751f\u6d3b\u6539\u5584\u300d\u70ba\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u8a72\u8a08\u756b\u5305\u62ec\u300c\u5b9a\u8015\u8f14\u5c0e\u300d\u3001\u300c\u96c6\u5718\u79fb\u4f4f\u300d\u7b49\u9805\u76ee\u3002\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u65e5\u4eba\u958b\u59cb\u6559\u5c0e\u65cf\u4eba\u8fb2\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u3001\u6539\u5584\u885b\u751f\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5be6\u65bd\u79fb\u98a8\u6613\u4fd7\u7b49\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7981\u6b62\u5c4b\u5167\u846c\u3001\u524c\u7d0b\u3001\u58a8\u9f52\u53ca\u982d\u76ee\u5411\u65cf\u4eba\u6536\u53d6\u79df\u7a05\u7d0d\u8ca2\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u6536\u7e73\u69cd\u679d\u3001\u7981\u6b62\u7375\u4eba\u982d\u7684\u60e1\u7fd2\u3002\u662d\u548c\u4e03\u5e74\uff081932\uff09\u65e5\u4eba\u5f37\u8feb\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u5927\u6b66\u5c71\u4e0b\u7684Tatukulu\u793e\u9077\u5230\u820a\u597d\u8336\u6771\u5074\u9760\u9577\u8001\u6559\u6703\u7684\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u5c07\u597d\u8336\u90e8\u843d\u53ca\u5206\u652f\u90e8\u843d\u7d71\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u65e5\u6cbb\u672b\u671f\u597d\u8336\u90e8\u843d\u5df2\u9054160\u6236\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8c\u6b21\u6230\u5f8c\u6709\u5c07\u8fd180\u6236\u56e0\u70ba\u8015\u5730\u4e0d\u8db3\u9077\u5230\u4ed6\u9109\uff0c\u65cf\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u9019\u500b\u5916\u6d41\u8da8\u52e2\u5c07\u5c0e\u81f4\u90e8\u843d\u89e3\u9ad4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u57281974 \u5e74\u7684\u6751\u6c11\u5927\u6703\u4e2d\u6295\u7968\u6c7a\u8b70\u9077\u6751\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc1977\u81f31978\u5e74\u9593\u5168\u6751\u9077\u79fb\u5230\u9698\u5bee\u5357\u6eaa\u5de6\u5cb8\u6a19\u9ad8\u7d04230\u516c\u5c3a\u7684\u6cb3\u968e\u53f0\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u8ddd\u96e2\u5e73\u5730\u53ea\u670911\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u65b0\u597d\u8336\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u539f\u5740\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u820a\u597d\u8336\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1977\u5e74\u8d77\u6709101\u6236\u7531\u820a\u597d\u8336\u90e8\u843d\u9077\u81f3\u65b0\u597d\u8336\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u65b0\u597d\u8336\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u597d\u8336\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u5931\u66f4\u70ba\u56b4\u91cd\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u79fb\u4f4f\u5730\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8db3\u4ee5\u70ba\u751f\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u7522\u696d\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5b50\u5973\u5c31\u5b78\u7b49\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u90fd\u79fb\u4f4f\u5230\u5c4f\u6771\u3001\u9ad8\u96c4\u7b49\u90fd\u5e02\u8b00\u751f\uff0c\u50c5\u65bc\u5047\u65e5\u56de\u5230\u5c71\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u5931\u554f\u984c\u6bd4\u9077\u6751\u524d\u66f4\u70ba\u56b4\u91cd\u30021996\u5e74\uff0c\u8cc0\u4f2f\u98b1\u98a8\u4fb5\u8972\uff0c\u5f9e\u65b0\u597d\u8336\u90e8\u843d\u4e0a\u65b9\u5d29\u843d\u7684\u571f\u77f3\u6d41\u6df9\u6c92\u4e86\u56db\u6236\u4eba\u5bb6\uff0c\u9020\u62104\u4f4d\u8001\u4eba\u5bb6\u6158\u906d\u6d3b\u57cb\u3002\u5230\u4e862007\u5e748\u670813\u65e5\u8056\u5e15\u98b1\u98a8\u4fb5\u8972\uff0c\u65b0\u597d\u8336\u570b\u5c0f\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u571f\u77f3\u5927\u91cf\u5d29\u843d\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7b2c\u4e00\u913030\u6236\u4f4f\u5bb6\u906d\u5230\u6df9\u6c92\u3002
\u5f9e2007\u5e74\u81f32010\u5e74\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5c07\u597d\u8336\u4eba\u5b89\u7f6e\u65bc\u9e9f\u6d1b\u9109\u5ee2\u68c4\u7684\u300c\u9698\u5bee\u71df\u5340\u300d\u30022009\u5e748\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u83ab\u62c9\u514b\u98b1\u98a8\u5e36\u4f86\u5357\u81fa\u7063\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u6c34\u707d\uff0c\u65b0\u597d\u8336\u9664\u4e86\u9577\u8001\u6559\u6703\u7684\u6559\u5802\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4f4f\u5c4b\u5728\u9019\u5834\u98a8\u707d\u4e2d\u6089\u6578\u88ab\u571f\u77f3\u6d41\u6df9\u57cb\u3002\u5230\u4e862010\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u5168\u6751177\u6236416\u4eba\u9032\u4f4f\u4f4d\u65bc\u53f0\u7cd6\u300c\u746a\u5bb6\u8fb2\u5834\u300d\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u5c4b\u57fa\u5730\uff08\u73fe\u7a31\u79ae\u7d0d\u91cc\uff09\u30022023\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u9727\u81fa\u9109\u6236\u653f\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240\u7d71\u8a08\u5168\u6751\u5171\u6709186\u6236538\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7537\u6027270\u4eba\u3001\u5973\u6027268\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5bb6\u5c4b\u91cd\u5efa\uff1a\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u6b77\u5e74\u4fee\u8b77\u6b77\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1991 \u5e74\uff0c\u9451\u65bc\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u8207\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u4e3b\u7ba1\u6587\u5316\u8cc7\u7522\u7684\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u6307\u5b9a\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e 150 \u68df\u50b3\u7d71\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u70ba\u300c\u4e8c\u7d1a\u53e4\u8e5f\u300d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u81ea\u5f9e 1977 \u5e74\u820a\u597d\u8336\u642c\u9077\u5230\u65b0\u597d\u8336\u5f8c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u8def\u7a0b\u9059\u9060\u3001\u6750\u6599\u904b\u9001\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u4e14\u65cf\u4eba\u8feb\u65bc\u751f\u8a08\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u96e3\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 150 \u68df\u7684\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6578\u8001\u4eba\u8207\u7375\u4eba\u5076\u800c\u8fd4\u9109\u4f7f
\u7528\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u9918\u5927\u591a\u9592\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u5728\u7121\u4eba\u7dad\u8b77\u4e0b\u5448\u73fe\u640d\u6bc0\u5012\u69bb\u73fe\u8c61\uff08\u57161\uff09\u30022009 \u5e74\u83ab\u62c9\u514b\u98a8\u707d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c71\u5340\u4e0d\u9069\u4eba\u5c45\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u65cf\u4eba\u653e\u68c4\u5c71\u4e0a\u7684\u5bb6\u5712\u9077\u5230\u5e73\u5730\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u5c4b\uff0c\u671f\u4f7f\u5c71\u6797\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4f11\u990a\u751f\u606f\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u65cf\u4eba\u4ea6\u53ef\u63a5\u8fd1\u5e73\u5730\uff0c\u5c31\u696d\u3001\u5c31\u91ab\u3001\u5c31\u5b78\u4e5f\u76f8\u5c0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u597d\u8336\u4eba\u642c\u9077\u5230\u79ae\u7d0d\u91cc\u6c38\u4e45\u5c4b\u57fa\u5730\u5f8c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u9130\u8fd1\u90fd\u5e02\uff0c\u90e8\u843d\u65cf\u4eba\u5c31\u696d\u6a5f\u6703\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u4e5f\u5bb9\u6613\u8fd4\u9109\uff0c\u90e8\u843d\u6bd4\u4ee5\u5f80\u71b1\u9b27\u8a31\u591a\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u524d\u4f86\u89c0\u5149\u7684\u904a\u5ba2\u7d61\u7e79\u4e0d\u7d55\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u539f\u5728\u90fd\u5e02\u5c31\u696d\u7684\u65cf\u4eba\u4e5f\u7d1b\u7d1b\u8fd4\u9109\u6295\u5165\u63a5\u5f85\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u6c11\u5bbf\u3001\u9910\u98f2\u7b49\u89c0\u5149\u7522\u696d\u7684\u7d93\u71df\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u7247\u300c\u6b23\u6b23\u5411\u69ae\u300d\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u85c9\u6b64\u5ba3\u63da\u653f\u7e3e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8a8d\u70ba\u65cf\u4eba\u9077\u5230\u5c71\u4e0b\u6587\u5316\u624d\u6709\u6c38\u7e8c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u57161\u3001\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u640d\u6bc0\u5012\u69bb\u7684\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u5118\u7ba1\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65cf\u4eba\u9078\u64c7\u4e26\u9010\u6f38\u9069\u61c9\u5c71\u4e0b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u7684\u5bb6\u5c4b\u91cd\u5efa\u884c\u52d5\u537b\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u300c\u9032\u884c\u5f0f\u300d\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c1991 \u5e74\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u70ba\u300c\u4e8c\u7d1a\u53e4\u8e5f\u300d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u597d\u8336\u96d5\u523b\u5e2b\u8521\u65fa\u4ecd\u7136\u6301\u7e8c\u5f80\u8fd4\u820a\u597d\u8336\u5c45\u4f4f\u3002\u751a\u81f3 1991 \u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u70ba\u53e4\u8e5f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u76e7\u671d\u9cf3\u3001\u9ec3\u6728\u4f86\u3001\u90b1\u91d1\u58eb\u3001\u675c\u7fa9\u96c4\u3001\u675c\u51ac\u632f\u3001\u5c24\u6e05\u767b\u3001\u90ed\u6587\u90c1\u3001\u9ec3\u98db\u7b49\u5bb6\u5c4b\u4e3b\u4eba\u4e5f\u5728\u7121\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6e90\u6339\u6ce8\u4e0b\u9678\u7e8c\u4fee\u8b77\u5bb6\u5c4b\u4e26\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c71\u4e0b\u7684\u4f4f\u5c4b\u50c5\u662f\u66ab\u6642\u7684\u5e87\u8b77\u5c45\u6240\uff0c\u820a\u597d\u8336\u7684\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u624d\u662f\u6587\u5316\u8a8d\u540c\u53ca\u5fc3\u9748\u6b78\u5c6c\u7684\u300c\u5bb6\u300d\u3002\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u770b\u5230\u90e8\u5206\u65cf\u4eba\u7684\u5805\u6301\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u50b3\u7d71\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u5efa\u7bc9\u7684\u73cd\u8996\uff0c\u570b\u7acb\u6587\u5316\u8cc7\u7522\u4fdd\u5b58\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7c4c\u5099\u8655\u5728 1998 \u5e74\u8fa6\u7406\u4e86\u300c\u4e8c\u7d1a\u53e4\u8e5f\u9b6f\u51f1\u65cf\u820a\u597d\u8336\u50b3\u7d71\u71df\u9020\u4fee\u5fa9\u4eba\u624d\u57f9\u80b2\u7814\u7fd2\u73ed\u300d\uff0c\u7531\u90b1\u91d1\u58eb\u3001\u6797\u5927\u5c71\u3001\u90ed\u91d1\u4e01\u3001\u8521\u4fe1\u7528\u3001\u674e\u4f86\u751f 5 \u4f4d\u77f3\u677f\u5320\u5e2b\u7387\u9818 10 \u4f4d\u5b78\u54e1\u65bc\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u9032\u884c\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u7684\u4fee\u7e55\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5206\u5225\u65bc\u6797\u5927\u5c71\u3001\u90ed\u91d1\u4e01\u548c\u90b1\u91d1\u58eb\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u5b8c\u6210\u6574\u5730\u3001\u653e\u6a23\u3001\u758a\u7246\u3001\u7acb\u9762\u3001\u5c4b\u9802\u3001\u4e2d\u67f1\u3001\u5ba4\u5167\u3001\u7f6e\u7269\u53f0\u3001\u5074\u9762\u652f\u6490\u7b49\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u9805\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u5728\u300c\u4e8c\u7d1a\u53e4\u8e5f\u300d\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u4e5f\u50c5\u9019\u4e00\u6b21\u6709\u516c\u90e8\u9580\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u6339\u6ce8\u8b93\u65cf\u4eba\u5b78\u7fd2\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u71df\u5efa\u6280\u85dd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1997 \u5e74\u6587\u8cc7\u6cd5\u4fee\u6cd5\u5f8c\uff0c1999 \u5e74\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u5f9e\u300c\u4e8c\u7d1a\u53e4\u8e5f\u300d\u8b8a\u66f4\u70ba\u300c\u570b\u5b9a\u53e4\u8e5f\u300d\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a 2016 \u5e74 WMF\uff08\u4e16\u754c\u5efa\u7bc9\u53ca\u6587\u7269\u5b88\u8b77\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\uff09\u5c07\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u5217\u540d\u70ba\u5168\u7403 36 \u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u7684 50 \u500b\u5b88\u8b77\u540d\u55ae\u5f8c\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u958b\u59cb\u8b66\u89ba\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u50b3\u7d71\u5bb6\u5c4b\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u884c\u52d5\u5fc5\u9808\u66f4\u52a0\u7a4d\u6975\u3002\u65bc\u662f\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u6587\u5316\u8cc7\u7522\u5c40\u5728 2017 \u5e74\u5728\u79ae\u7d0d\u91cc\u958b\u8fa6\u300c\u50b3\u7d71\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u5efa\u9020\u6280\u8853\u4eba\u624d\u57f9\u8a13\u8207\u7d00\u9304\u8a08\u756b\u300d\uff0c\u70ba\u672a\u4f86\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u7684\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u4fee\u8b77\u5132\u5099\u7a2e\u5b50\u30022018 \u81f3 2019 \u5e74\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u6587\u8cc7\u5c40\u50b3\u85dd\u6c11\u4fd7\u7d44\u8fa6\u7406\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\u7684\u300c\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u4fee\u7e55\u4eba\u624d\u57f9\u8a13\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\u8207\u6587\u5316\u50b3\u627f\u884c\u52d5\u300d\uff0c\u7531\u90b1\u91d1\u58eb\u3001\u675c\u51ac\u632f\u4e8c\u4f4d\u5c4f\u6771\u7e23\u9b6f\u51f1\u65cf\u50b3\u7d71\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u5efa\u9020\u6280\u8853\u4fdd\u5b58\u8005\u7387\u9818 11 \u4f4d\u5b78\u54e1\u5728\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u9032\u884c\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u4fee\u7e55\uff0c\u671f\u9593\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u90b1\u91d1\u58eb\uff08\u5168\u68df\uff09\u3001\u675c\u51ac\u632f\uff08\u5168\u68df\uff09\u3001\u90ed\u7167\u8f1d\uff08\u534a\u68df\uff09\u53ca\u674e\u4fca\u660e\uff08\u534a\u68df\uff09\u7b49\u56db\u6236\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u4fee\u8b77\u5de5\u7a0b\u30022020 \u81f32021 \u5e74\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u6587\u8cc7\u5c40\u50b3\u85dd\u6c11\u4fd7\u7d44\u63a5\u8457\u8fa6\u7406\u7b2c\u4e8c\u671f\u7684\u300c\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u4fee\u7e55\u4eba\u624d\u57f9\u8a13\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\u8207\u6587\u5316\u50b3\u627f\u884c\u52d5\u300d\uff0c\u7531\u90b1\u91d1\u58eb\u3001\u675c\u51ac\u632f\u4e8c\u4f4d\u4fdd\u5b58\u8005\u7387\u9818 7 \u540d\u5b78\u54e1\u5728\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u9032\u884c\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u4fee\u7e55\uff0c\u671f\u9593\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5b89\u8cb4\uff08\u534a\u68df\uff09\u3001\u8521\u4fe1\u7528\uff08\u534a\u68df\uff09\u3001\u675c\u7fa9\u96c4\uff08\u5168\u68df\uff09\u7b49\u4e09\u6236\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u4fee\u8b77\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7531\u65bc\u5169\u671f\u7684\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u4fee\u8b77\u90fd\u7528\u300c\u4eba\u624d\u57f9\u8a13\u300d\u7684\u540d\u7fa9\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u76e1\u7b26\u5408\u53e4\u8e5f\u4fee\u8b77\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8207\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 2022 \u5e74\u53f0\u90a6.\u6492\u6c99\u52d2\u7533\u8acb\u5bb6\u5c4b\u4fee\u8b77\u8a08\u756b\u6642\uff0c\u6587\u8cc7\u5c40\u5efa\u8b70\u56de\u5fa9\u5230\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u300c\u6587\u5316\u8cc7\u7522\u4fdd\u5b58\u4fee\u5fa9\u53ca\u7ba1\u7406\u7dad\u8b77\u88dc\u52a9\u4f5c\u696d\u8981\u9ede\u300d\u7533\u8acb\u30022023\u5e74 3 \u6708\u8d77\uff0c\u53f0\u90a6.\u6492\u6c99\u52d2\u5bb6\u5c4b\u4fee\u8b77\u500b\u6848\uff0c\u7531\u8cc7\u6df1\u7684\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u5de5\u5320\u675c\u7fa9\u96c4\u5e36\u9818 7 \u4f4d\u5de5\u73ed\u6210\u54e1\u9032\u884c\u4fee\u8b77\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u570b\u5b9a\u53e4\u8e5f\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u7533\u8acb\u81ea\u4e3b\u4fee\u8b77\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\uff08\u8868 1\uff09\uff08\u57162\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5e74 \u4efd<\/strong><\/td>\u91cd\u8981\u6b77\u7a0b<\/strong><\/td>\u5167\u5bb9\u8aaa\u660e<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
1977-1991<\/td>\u96d5\u523b\u5e2b\u529b\u5927\u53e4\uff08\u8521\u65fa\uff09<\/td>1977 \u5e74\u9077\u6751\u5f8c\u6301\u7e8c\u5f80\u8fd4\u820a\u597d\u8336\u5c45\u4f4f<\/td><\/tr>
1991<\/td>\u5167\u653f\u90e8\u6307\u5b9a\u70ba\u4e8c\u7d1a\u53e4\u8e5f<\/td>\u53f0\u7063\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u4e5f\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u570b\u5b9a\u53e4\u8e5f<\/td><\/tr>
1991-2018<\/td>\u76e7\u671d\u9cf3\u3001\u9ec3\u6728\u4f86\u3001\u675c\u7fa9\u96c4\u3001
\u90b1\u91d1\u58eb\u3001\u675c\u51ac\u632f\u3001\u5c24\u6e05\u767b\u3001
\u90ed\u6587\u90c1\u3001\u9ec3\u98db<\/td>		\u7121\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u6e90\u4ecb\u5165\u4e0b\u5c45\u6c11\u81ea\u4e3b\u4fee<\/td><\/tr>
1998<\/td>1998\/6\/28-7\/12 \u5171 15 \u5929\uff0c
\u570b\u7acb\u6587\u5316\u8cc7\u7522\u4fdd\u5b58\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3
\u7c4c\u5099\u8655\u8fa6\u7406\u4e8c\u7d1a\u53e4\u8e5f\u9b6f\u51f1\u65cf
\u820a\u597d\u8336\u50b3\u7d71\u71df\u9020\u4fee\u5fa9\u4eba\u624d\u57f9
\u80b2\u7814\u7fd2\u73ed<\/td>		\u7531\u90b1\u91d1\u58eb\u3001\u6797\u5927\u5c71\u3001\u90ed\u91d1\u4e01\u3001\u8521\u4fe1\u7528\u3001\u674e
\u4f86\u751f 5 \u4f4d\u5320\u5e2b\u7387\u9818 10 \u4f4d\u5b78\u54e1\u65bc\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e
\u9032\u884c\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u4fee\u7e55\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u65bc\u6797\u5927\u5c71\u3001\u90ed\u91d1
\u4e01\u3001\u90b1\u91d1\u58eb\u4e09\u4eba\u7684\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u5b8c\u6210\u6574\u5730\u3001\u653e
\u6a23\u3001\u758a\u7246\u3001\u7acb\u9762\u3001\u5c4b\u9802\u3001\u4e2d\u67f1\u3001\u5ba4\u5167\u3001\u7f6e
\u7269\u53f0\u3001\u5074\u9762\u652f\u6490\u7b49\u5de5\u9805\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002\u5b78\u54e1\u5305\u62ec
\u90b1\u76ca\u826f\u3001\u90b1\u9577\u751f\u3001\u90b1\u61f7\u54f2\u3001\u9ec3\u6728\u4f86\u3001\u675c\u7fa9
\u96c4\u3001\u7fc1\u570b\u68df\u3001\u674e\u88d5\u9686\u3001\u7f85\u7d30\u5bcc\u3001\u6c99\u5f97\u96c4\u3001
\u912d\u4fca\u83ef\u7b49\u3002<\/td><\/tr>
2016<\/td>WMF\uff08\u4e16\u754c\u5efa\u7bc9\u53ca\u6587\u7269\u5b88\u8b77
\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\uff09\u5217\u540d\u70ba\u5168\u7403 36 \u500b\u570b
\u5bb6 50 \u500b\u5b88\u8b77\u540d\u55ae<\/td>		\u7e7c 2004 \u5e74\u6f8e\u6e56\u671b\u5b89\u82b1\u5b85\u5f8c\uff0c\u81fa\u7063\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b
\u5217\u540d\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7d1a\u6587\u5316\u8cc7\u7522<\/td><\/tr>
2017<\/td>\u50b3\u7d71\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u5efa\u9020\u6280\u8853\u4eba\u624d\u57f9
\u8a13\u8207\u7d00\u9304\u8a08\u756b<\/td>		\u70ba\u5132\u5099\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u71df\u9020\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u4e26\u64f4\u5927\u9752\u5e74\u53c3
\u8207\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u968e\u6bb5\u5728\u300c\u79ae\u7d0d\u91cc\u300d\u9032\u884c\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b
\u4fee\u5fa9\u6280\u8853\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u57f9\u8a13\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u4fee\u5fa9
\u76f8\u95dc\u77e5\u8b58\u8ab2\u7a0b\u53ca\u5404\u985e\u71df\u9020\u6280\u8853\u8a13\u7df4<\/td><\/tr>
2018<\/td>2018\/12~2019\/05\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u90e8
\u6587\u5316\u8cc7\u7522\u5c40\u50b3\u85dd\u6c11\u4fd7\u7d44\u8fa6\u7406
\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u4fee\u7e55\u4eba\u624d\u57f9
\u8a13\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\u8207\u6587\u5316\u50b3\u627f\u884c\u52d5 (
\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff09<\/td>		\u7531\u90b1\u91d1\u58eb\u3001\u675c\u51ac\u632f\u4e8c\u4f4d\u5c4f\u6771\u7e23\u9b6f\u51f1\u65cf\u50b3
\u7d71\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u5efa\u9020\u6280\u8853\u4fdd\u5b58\u8005\u7387\u9818 11 \u540d\u5b78\u54e1
\u65bc\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u9032\u884c\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u4fee\u7e55\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u90b1\u91d1
\u58eb\uff08\u5168\u68df\uff09\u3001\u675c\u51ac\u632f\uff08\u5168\u68df\uff09\u3001\u90ed\u7167\u8f1d\uff08\u534a
\u68df\uff09\u3001\u674e\u4fca\u660e\uff08\u534a\u68df\uff09\u7b49\u56db\u6236\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u4fee\u8b77
\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u5de5\u73ed\u6210\u54e1\u5305\u62ec Sigiane\uff08\u675c\u7fa9\u96c4\uff09\u3001
Pairrang\uff08\u5f90\u5049\u660e\uff09\u3001Uggusane\uff08\u7fc1\u570b\u6a11\uff09\u3001
Rumalizy\uff08\u90b1\u4fca\u5b8f\uff09\u3001Lamazau\uff08\u90ed\u6587\u6770\uff09\u3001
Lavakao\uff08\u67ef\u662d\u7fa4\uff09\u3001Ceggao\uff08\u5b89\u6b63\u5149\uff09\u3001
Palhy\uff08\u912d\u51ac\u632f\uff09\u3001Acudusu\uff08\u5df4\u5fe0\u96c4\uff09\u3001
Palhipilhipy\uff08\u5510\u5fe0\u8aa0\uff09\u3001Drasarre\uff08\u842c\u9032\u4e09\uff09\u3001
Cemelhesay\uff08\u842c\u798f\u6cf0\uff09\u3001Kuale\uff08\u76e7\u514b\u5805\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
2020<\/td>2020\/12~2021\/05 \u6587\u5316\u90e8\u6587
\u5316\u8cc7\u7522\u5c40\u50b3\u85dd\u6c11\u4fd7\u7d44\u8fa6\u7406\u597d
\u8336\u820a\u793e\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u4fee\u7e55\u4eba\u624d\u57f9\u8a13
\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\u8207\u6587\u5316\u50b3\u627f\u884c\u52d5 ( \u7b2c
\u4e8c\u671f\uff09<\/td>		\u7531\u90b1\u91d1\u58eb\u3001\u675c\u51ac\u632f\u4e8c\u4f4d\u5c4f\u6771\u7e23\u9b6f\u51f1\u65cf\u50b3
\u7d71\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u5efa\u9020\u6280\u8853\u4fdd\u5b58\u8005\u7387\u9818 7 \u540d\u5b78\u54e1
\u65bc\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u9032\u884c\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u4fee\u7e55\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u5b89\u8cb4
\uff08\u534a\u68df\uff09\u3001\u8521\u4fe1\u7528\uff08\u534a\u68df\uff09\u3001\u675c\u7fa9\u96c4\uff08\u5168
\u68df\uff09\u7b49\u4e09\u6236\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u4fee\u8b77\u5de5\u7a0b\u3002\u5de5\u73ed\u6210\u54e1
\u5305\u62ec Rumalizy\uff08\u90b1\u4fca\u5f18\uff09\u3001Pairange\uff08\u5f90\u5049
\u660e\uff09\u3001Kui\uff08\u5b89\u8cb4\uff09\u3001Palhi\uff08\u912d\u51ac\u632f\uff09\u3001
Masegesege\uff09\u8521\u4fe1\u543e\uff09\u3001Ceggao\uff08\u5b89\u6b63\u5149\uff09\u3001
\u8a31\u5d34\u921e<\/td><\/tr>
2023<\/td>2023\/03~2024\/03 \u6587\u5316\u90e8\u6587
\u8cc7\u7522\u5c40\u53e4\u8e5f\u805a\u843d\u7d44\u88dc\u52a9\u53f0\u90a6.
\u6c99\u52d2\u9032\u884c\u81ea\u4e3b\u4fee\u8b77\uff0c\u7531\u8cc7\u6df1\u77f3
\u677f\u5c4b\u5de5\u5320\u675c\u7fa9\u96c4\u5e36\u9818 7\u4f4d\u5de5\u73ed
\u6210\u54e1\u9032\u884c\u4fee\u8b77<\/td>		\u570b\u5b9a\u53e4\u8e5f\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u7533\u8acb\u81ea\u4e3b\u4fee\u8b77\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00
\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u5de5\u73ed\u6210\u54e1\u5305\u62ec Sigiane\uff08\u675c\u7fa9
\u96c4\uff09\u3001Acudusu\uff08\u5df4\u5fe0\u96c4\uff09\u3001Palhipilhipy\uff08\u5510
\u5fe0\u8aa0\uff09\u3001\u6b50\u6cbb\u5e73\uff08Kabaru\uff09\u3001Baru\uff08\u8dcb\u8def.
\u53e4\u90fd\u6bd4\u963f\u5462\uff09\u3001Ripunu\uff08\u9673\u5b8f\u5149\uff09\u3001\u8d99\u6d69\u5b87\u3001
\u5442\u6f22\u5fd7<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u57162\u30012018-2023\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u5bb6\u5c4b\u91cd\u5efa\u60c5\u5f62<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u56db\u3001\u5fa9\u8fd4\u8207\u929c\u63a5\uff1a\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u5bb6\u5c4b\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u610f\u7fa9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6James Clifford\u5728\u300a\u5fa9\u8fd4\uff1a21\u4e16\u7d00\u6210\u70ba\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff1a\u300c\u2026\u5728\u6bcf\u500b\u5927\u6d32\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5165\u4fb5\u548c\u5f37\u5236\u540c\u5316\u7684\u5016\u5b58\u8005\u90fd\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u5fa9\u8208\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u9023\u63a5\u65bc\u5931\u53bb\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6301\u7e8c\u85d0\u8996\u548c\u8aa4\u89e3\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5bb0\u5236\u653f\u6b0a\u4e0b\u596e\u9b25\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7e8c\u5b58\u672c\u8eab\u4fbf\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u62b5\u6297\u5f62\u5f0f\u300d\u3002\uff08Clifford\uff1a2017:18\uff09\u300280\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u904b\u52d5\u84ec\u52c3\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u7834\u9664\u5433\u9cf3\u795e\u8a71\u3001\u6b63\u540d\u3001\u81ea\u6cbb\u3001\u9084\u6211\u571f\u5730\u3001\u53cd\u6838\u5ee2\u3001\u53cd\u746a\u5bb6\u6c34\u5eab\u3001\u53cd\u4e9e\u6ce5\u7b49\u904b\u52d5\u98a8\u8d77\u96f2\u6e67\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u900f\u904e\u653f\u6cbb\u904b\u52d5\u3001\u793e\u6703\u6297\u722d\u3001\u6587\u5316\u5c0b\u6839\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u5c55\u6f14\u53ca\u6587\u5b78\u5275\u4f5c\u7b49\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u300c\u62b5\u6297\u300d\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u793e\u6703\u516c\u5e73\u548c\u65cf\u7fa4\u6b63\u7fa9\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8eab\u9ad4\u8207\u5fc3\u9748\u7684\u56de\u6b78\u8207\u8a8d\u540c\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6b77\u53f2\u6b96\u6c11\u8207\u6587\u5316\u63a0\u596a\uff0c\u975e\u81ea\u9858\u7684\u9077\u5f99\u548c\u793e\u6703\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u9762\u81e8\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u6311\u6230\u548c\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5718\u9ad4\u6216\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u8ffd\u6c42\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u8207\u6587\u5316\u5be6\u8e10\u3002\u5c31\u5982Clifford\u6240\u63ed\u793a\uff1a\u300c\u2026\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u672b\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u537b\u986f\u7136\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6a23\u5b50\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u78ba\u5be6\u88ab\u6bba\u6b7b\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u8a9e\u8a00\u78ba\u5be6\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u793e\u6703\u78ba\u5be6\u74e6\u89e3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u70ba\u6578\u4e0d\u5c11\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u633a\u4f4f\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u628a\u6a6b\u906d\u7834\u58de\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6b98\u9918\u7d66\u6539\u7de8\u548c\u91cd\u7d44\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5f80\u6839\u6df1\u800c\u6709\u9069\u61c9\u529b\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u53d6\u6750\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u932f\u7d9c\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u6027\uff08postmodernity\uff09\u4e2d\u95e2\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u3002\u300d\uff08Clifford\uff1a2017\uff1a9\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u597d\u8336\u4eba\u7684\u300c\u91cd\u5efa\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u300d\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6210\u4e00\u5834\u5c0d\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u73fe\u4ee3\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u300c\u62b5\u6297\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u300c\u8eab\u4efd\u5b58\u7e8c\u300d\u8207\u300c\u627e\u8def\u56de\u5bb6\u300d\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u7576\u597d\u8336\u4eba\u6b77\u7d93\u300c\u5c71\u5730\u5e73\u5730\u5316\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5c71\u5730\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u300d\u6642\u671f\u7684\u9077\u6751\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u9078\u5740\u5730\u9ede\u5f8c\u6158\u906d\u571f\u77f3\u6d41\u6ec5\u6751\uff0c\u9762\u81e8\u90e8\u843d\u89e3\u9ad4\u8207\u6587\u5316\u6d41\u5931\u7684\u96d9\u91cd\u5a01\u8105\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u5834\u8fd4\u9109\u91cd\u5efa\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u65cf\u4eba\u5f9e\u4f10\u6728\u3001\u53d6\u77f3\u3001\u780c\u7246\u3001\u4e0a\u6a11\u3001\u7acb\u67f1\u7b49\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u63a5\u8fd1\u7956\u5148\u7684\u8def\u5f91\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u5b78\u7fd2\u50b3\u7d71\u4e26\u9069\u61c9\u707d\u5f8c\u7684\u8b8a\u9077\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u672a\u66fe\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u820a\u793e\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u4e16\u4ee3\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u300c\u8fd4\u9109\u300d\uff08repatriation\uff09\u8207\u300c\u929c\u63a5\u300d\uff08articulation\uff09\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5f37\u5316\u8207\u571f\u5730\u7684\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u5316\u5b58\u7e8c\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u884c\u52d5\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u8005\uff0c\u5c0d\u90e8\u843d\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u6216\u500b\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u83ab\u62c9\u514b\u98a8\u707d\u904e\u5f8c\u7684\u5bb6\u5c4b\u91cd\u5efa\u683c\u5916\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u610f\u3002Clifford \u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u300d\uff08indigenous peoples\uff09\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8207\u5bb6\u5712\u548c\u89aa\u5c6c\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\uff0c\u79fb\u52d5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8996\u4f5c\u662f\u5bb6\u5712\u7684\u64f4\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u9808\u8207\u539f\u6709\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4fdd\u6301\u6301\u7e8c\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7576\u597d\u8336\u7684\u65cf\u4eba\u5e36\u8457\u96fb\u92f8\u8fd4\u56de\u820a\u793e\u7684\u8001\u5bb6\uff0c\u7528\u73fe\u4ee3\u5de5\u5177\u89aa\u8fd1\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u64fa\u812b\u300c\u539f\u6c11\u6839\u690d\u300d\uff08indigenous roots\uff09\u8207\u300c\u96e2\u6563\u5f80\u8fd4\u300d\uff08diasporic route\uff09\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u4f5c\u70ba\u806f\u7e6b\u8001\u5bb6\u8207\u6c38\u4e45\u5c4b\u7684\u8fd4\u9109\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u6210\u70ba\u627f\u8f09\u8207\u56de\u61c9\u539f\u6c11\u6027\u7684\u7d55\u4f73\u5834\u57df\u3002JamesClifford \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u4eca\u9019\u6a23\u300c\u65e2\u624e\u6839\u53c8\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u929c\u63a5\u6027\u539f\u6c11\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\u300d\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u539f\u6c11\u6027\u300d\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u300c\u5927\u65bc\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u300d\uff08more than local pattern\uff09\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u65bc\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8981\u72a7\u7272\u5c0d\u571f\u5730\u7684\u4f9d\u7e6b\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5960\u57fa\u8b93\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u932f\u7d9c\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\u8cd3\u81f3\u5982\u6b78\u3002\u5bb6\u5c4b\u91cd\u5efa\u6210\u70ba\u7576\u4ee3\u300c\u539f\u6c11\u929c\u63a5\u300d\u8207\u300c\u884c\u52d5\u5fa9\u8fd4\u300d\u7684\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u843d\u5730\u751f\u6839\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5f9e\u50b3\u7d71\u751f\u6210\u7684\u539f\u6c11\u6027\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9762\u5411\u672a\u4f86\u3002\u62d2\u7d55\u300c\u90e8\u843d\u300d\u548c\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u300d\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u8207\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e4b\u9593\u4f5c\u51fa\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u7dad\u6301\u4e00\u7a2e\u9069\u5c45\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u540c\u6642\u53c8\u70ba\u722d\u53d6\u6b0a\u5229\u800c\u52c7\u6562\u596e\u9b25\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\uff08Clifford\uff1a2017\uff1a66-67\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e94\u3001\u5bb6\u5c4b\u91cd\u5efa\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u554f\u984c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u88ab\u570b\u5bb6\u6307\u5b9a\u70ba\u53e4\u8e5f\u5df2\u7d93\u8d85\u904e\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u5927\u90fd\u4ee5\u975c\u614b\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7dad\u6301\u5176\u53e4\u8e5f\u7684\u6a23\u8c8c\uff0c\u6b20\u7f3a\u7576\u4ee3\u53e4\u8e5f\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u6d3b\u5316\u8207\u518d\u5229\u7528\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u50c5\u50c5\u4fee\u8b77 8 \u68df\u5bb6\u5c4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5230 150 \u68df\u5bb6\u5c4b\u7684 5\uff05\uff0c\u7de9\u4e0d\u6fdf\u6025\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u7684\u5bb6\u5c4b\u5927\u591a\u9592\u7f6e\uff0c\u9577\u671f\u98a8\u5439\u65e5\u66ec\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u7136\u4fb5\u8755\u5c0e\u81f4\u5efa\u7bc9\u7d50\u69cb\u8001\u5316\u548c\u640d\u58de\u3002\u9019\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u671f\u7dad\u4fee\u548c\u4fdd\u990a\uff0c\u4f46\u8cc7\u91d1\u548c\u6280\u8853\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u4fee\u5fa9\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ca\u52a0\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u53e4\u8e5f\u9700\u8981\u5e73\u8861\u6587\u5316\u907a\u7522\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u8207\u7576\u5730\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6eff\u8db3\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4e26\u6210\u70ba\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u52d5\u529b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u8207\u7dad\u8b77\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002
\u6839\u64da\u672c\u6b21\u4fee\u8b77\u5bb6\u5c4b\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u89ba\u5f97\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u65cf\u50b3\u7d71\u5bb6\u5c4b\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u554f\u984c\u9700\u8981\u6301\u7e8c\u95dc\u6ce8\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e14\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\uff1a<\/strong>\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u4fee\u5fa9\u50b3\u7d71\u5bb6\u5c4b\u9700\u8981\u6295\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u8cc7\u91d1\uff0c\u4f46\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9810\u7b97\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u597d\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u73ed\uff0c\u5e38\u56e0\u8a08\u756b\u7121\u6cd5\u929c\u63a5\u6216\u8cc7\u91d1\u7121\u6cd5\u5230\u4f4d\u53c8\u9762\u81e8\u89e3\u6563\u3002\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u4f7f\u5f97\u50b3\u7d71\u5bb6\u5c4b\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u548c\u4fee\u5fa9\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ef6\u5b95\uff0c\u5de5\u73ed\u6210\u54e1\u6c70\u63db\u7387\u9ad8\u4e5f\u5c0e\u81f4\u6280\u8853\u96e3\u4ee5\u50b3\u627f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6280\u8853\u4fdd\u5b58\u8207\u50b3\u627f\uff1a<\/strong>\u4fee\u8b77\u50b3\u7d71\u5bb6\u5c4b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6280\u8853\u548c\u77e5\u8b58\u53ea\u5728\u5c11\u6578\u9577\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u6d41\u50b3\uff0c\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u6b20\u7f3a\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u8006\u8001\u51cb\u96f6\uff0c\u5bb6\u5c4b\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u77e5\u8b58\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u81e8\u5931\u50b3\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u5c0d\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u5bb6\u5c4b\u4fee\u5fa9\u5e36\u4f86\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n


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\u516d\u3001\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Guo, Pei-yi. 2003\u201cIsland Builders\u201d: Landscape and Historicity among the Langalanga, Solomon Islands. In Landscape, Memory and History: Anthropological Perspectives. Pamela J. Stewart & Andrew Strathern, eds. Pp.189-209. London: Pluto Press.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u53f0\u90a6.\u6492\u6c99\u52d2\uff0c2008\u3002\u3008\u50b3\u7d71\u9818\u57df\u7684\u88c2\u89e3\u8207\u91cd\u69cb\uff1akucapungane \u4eba\u5730\u5716\u8b5c\u8207\u7a7a\u9593\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u518d\u6aa2\u8996\u3009\u3002\u300a\u8003\u53e4\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u520a\u300b69 \u671f\uff0c\u9801 9-44\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u8a31\u52dd\u767c\u3001\u90ed\u7f8e\u82b3\u3001\u5f90\u660e\u798f\uff0c2013\u3002\u3008\u65e5\u6cbb\u6642\u671f\u9b6f\u51f1\u65cf\u8207\u6392\u7063\u65cf\u77f3\u677f\u5c4b\u5efa\u7bc9\u578b\u614b\u7684\u5730\u57df\u6027\u7279\u8272\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\u3009\u3002\u300a\u5efa\u7bc9\u5b78\u5831\u300b85 \u671f\uff0c\u9801 125-144\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. \u4f0a\u80fd\u5609\u77e9\u8457\u3001\u6eab\u5409\u8b6f\u30021999\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u756a\u653f\u5fd7\u300b\uff0c\u5357\u6295\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u7701\u6587\u737b\u6703\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. \u79fb\u5ddd\u5b50\u4e4b\u85cf\u3001\u5bae\u672c\u5ef6\u4eba\u3001\u99ac\u6df5\u6771\u4e00\u30021935\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u9ad8\u7802\u65cf\u7cfb\u7d71\u6240\u5c6c\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u3002\u53f0\u5317\u5e1d\u570b\u5927\u5b78\u571f\u4fd7\u4eba\u7a2e\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. \u9ce5\u5c45\uf9c4\u85cf\u8457\uff0c\u694a\u5357\u90e1\u8b6f\u8a3b\u30021996\u300a\u63a2\u96aa\u81fa\u7063\/\u9ce5\u5c45\u9f8d\u85cf\u7684\u81fa\u7063\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u4e4b\u65c5\u300b\u3002\u53f0\u5317\uff0c\u9060\u6d41\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. James Clifford\uff08\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\uff0e\u514b\u91cc\u5f17\u5fb7\uff09\u30022017\u300a\u5fa9\u8fd4\uff1a21 \u4e16\u7d00\u6210\u70ba\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u300b\uff08Returns\uff1a
    Becoming Indigenous in the Twenty-First Century\uff09\u3002\u6797\u5f90\u9054\u3001\u6881\u6c38\u5b89\u8b6f\u3002\u82d7\u6817\u7e23\u4e09\u7063\u9109\uff1a\u6842\u51a0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u53f0\u90a6.\u6492\u6c99\u52d2\uff0c\u570b\u7acb\u6210\u529f\u5927\u5b78\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6559 … <\/p>\n

    <\/span> Continue reading “\u3010\u5c08\u6587\u3011\u9b6f\u51f1\u65cf\u597d\u8336\u820a\u793e\u5bb6\u5c4b\u4fee\u8b77\u7684\u6b77\u7a0b\u8207\u53cd\u601d”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1795,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-20"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saht.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1793","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saht.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saht.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saht.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saht.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1793"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.saht.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1793\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1850,"href":"https:\/\/www.saht.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1793\/revisions\/1850"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saht.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1795"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.saht.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1793"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saht.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1793"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.saht.org.tw\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}